Pepper. Soap. Water.

Who knew three simple things could be so fun? Oh the wonders of chemistry.

Intermoluecular forces are defined as the bonds between two molecules and intramolecular forces are the bonds between atoms within one molecule. The intermolecular forces in water include dispersion, hydrogen bonding and dipole. While soaps seem to have weak van der waals forces.

(Water molecule diagram)

Here, with the soap and water alone, the soap did not dissolve. It seemed to have sink straight to the bottom and stay there. This can be explained by the polar and nonpolar ends of the soap molecules. The polar ends unnoticably dissolved at the surface of the water while the non polar ends sank to the bottom. This type of substance is known as a surfactant. The polar ends were strong enough to break the surface tension of the water. The surface tension of water is due to cohesion of the hydrogen bonding. Cool stuff.

 Now here is where the pepper was added to illustrate the interaction between the soap and water. The pepper stayed at the surface of the water. As I touched the surface with my soap covered finger, the pepper molecules seemed to "explode" and immediately spread to the edges of the cup. This visulization of repulsion is due to the intramolecular forces within the soap as well as the water. The intramolecular forces impact the intermolecular forces between the water and the soap. The polar ends of the soap molecules immediately repelled the polar forces from the hydogen bonds in the water.

Friday 1/24/14

It is Friday already? Has it been two week since I last wrote a Friday blog? Doesn't seem so.
Anyways.
This week I've learned that calculus has indeed been responsible for most of my mental breakdowns thus far. Therefore I made one of the best decisions I have made all year; which was of course to just forget about it ;) I have also learned that Comer did not lie when she warned us her coursework for both classes with get even more difficult after the winter break.  And of course I have learned oh so much about photo specostropy and how wavelengths correspond to energy and electrons jumps and so forth. More fun stuff.

I have accomplished Unit 5 of AP Chem finally and also Part I of Crime and Punishment. Not to mention I also conquered the mountain of homework that I was assigned to attack over the three day weekend (no im not exaggerating). I feel proud to say that despite my absences I have surprisingly not fallen behind in any of my classes. I am also happy to say that we beat Cruces at our competition this weekend WOO

For the remainder of January, I plan on bumping my grade in this class back to a B because I am SO close. I also plan on winning the rest of my cheer competitions the rest of this season. I'm also planning on reading the rest of Crime and Punishment AND Weathering Heights (yes, at the same time).  And I plan on using my off period to my advantage of relaxing and focusing up on AP Chem knowledge. Maybe even go to Starbucks.

Thought you would enjoy this :)

(http://lifeandfitnessbyashley.blogspot.com/2013/05/fun-facts-friday.html)

GRAS

"GRAS" is an acronym for the phrase Generally Recognized As Safe. Under sections 201(s) and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act), any substance that is intentionally added to food is a food additive, that is subject to premarket review and approval by FDA, unless the substance is generally recognized, among qualified experts, as having been adequately shown to be safe under the conditions of its intended use, or unless the use of the substance is otherwise excluded from the definition of a food additive.There are two types of approved color additives - dyes and lakes. Dyes are water-soluble and usually come in the form of powders, granules, or liquids. Lakes are not water-soluble. They are found in products containing fats and oils.

In 1900, many foods available in the U.S. were artificially colored. However, not all of the coloring agents were harmless and some were being used to hide inferior or defective foods. A careful assessment of the chemicals used for coloring foods at the time found many blatantly poisonous materials such as lead, arsenic, and mercury being added. In many cases, the toxicities of the starting materials for synthesizing coloring agents were well known and could be toxins, irritants, sensitizers, or carcinogens. To determine how much dye is safe to use, toxicologists take the highest dose that did not cause any adverse effect in animal tests and divide it by 100. The resulting number is the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)—the amount any human can ingest every day for a lifetime without experiencing problems. Most foods containing dyes have only a tiny fraction of the ADI.

Risks include hyperactivity in children, cancer (in animal studies), and allergic reactions. In 2008, because of the problem of hyperactivity, the Center for Science in the Public Interest petitioned the Food and Drug Administration to ban the use of these dyes. The British government has taken actions that are virtually ending the use of dyes throughout Europe.

Current Seven Food Dyes 

Blue No.1- Brilliant Blue

 

Blue No. 2- Indigotine

Green No. 3- Fast Green 

Red No. 40- Allura Red

Red No. 3- Erythosine

Yellow No. 5- Tartazine

Yellow No. 6- Sunset Yellow

http://www.cspinet.org/fooddyes/

http://www.fda.gov/Forindustry/ColorAdditives/default.htm

Friday, 1/10/13

1. Well it was our first few days back to school... I really don't think winter break is long enough. Anyways, i believe we have completed most of the electronic structure unit. As well as our new AP t-shirts! (woo) But more importantly I have completed half of my senior year! Because my classes are year long, we haven't completed anything recently but of course we have started new assignments.
2. Along with all the cool things I learn in AP Chem every day such as PES and ionization and electron configuration and energy levels, I have also learned the background of Russian middle names.
3. I plan to recover my knowledge of anything calculus related because it seems as though I have misplaced all of it. I also plan on learning more about PES in the lab on Monday as well as read Crime and Punishment while studying and analyzing poems. FUN! Oh, I also plan to do very well at our first cheerleading competition in Santa Fe this weekend.

PEZ? or PES? haha

(http://www.oldtimecandy.com)

Friday !2/13/13

1. Recently, I have completed all my finals (YIPEE!) In this class specifically we just finished Unit 4 of thermodynamics and have moved on to Unit 5 relating to electrons and energy jumps and shells and more fun stuff. In AP English I was crowned and was asked to read my timed reading response which was an accomplishment I am indeed proud of. I'm also officially done with AP Calculus AB and ready to move on to BC and get it over with already!  Lastly, this week (not the week this is actually due for but THIS week) I completed my interviews for the BA/MD program in Alb which is also a huge weight lifted off my shoulders.

2. Well, as my senior year is officially half way over, I have learned to handle break downs in class a little better. Realizing it was OK to struggle a little in my classes was tough at first, then I remembered "Oh yeah, I signed up to take the hardest classes at Mayfield...." Who knows why, but I did, and plot twist: I am surviving! I have also learned that Kingery has a millionaire best friend supposedly, and that Disney no longer makes Ms. Gardner's favorite Goofy coffee cup :(

3. What I plan on doing next is something I am quite excited about...wait for it....SLEEPING IN! After this semester I could not be more ready for this well deserved break. Not only is class out, but my cheer coach is giving us a break also (GASP). So, therefore, I am not yet ready to even think about what my classes will be like next semester and what my teachers are devising next. However I can think about Christmas, since it is 6 days away, and eating all these goodies I have successfully collected thus far :)  

* A CHEMISTREE 

http://www.ontario.k12.or.us/index.php?id=1692

Chocolate gum?

Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gas able to dissolve in a solute. Solvation is the process of the disassociation of the attraction between molecules of a solvent. In the Sticky Situation: Chewing Gum and Solubility lab we tested the solubility of various components of chewing gum. We first tested the results of water and sugar mixture, water and oil, and sugar and oil. After observing the reactions we then tested sugar coated gum in water and oil. The sugar coating dissolved in the water, but not much change was observed in the oil. Finally, we tested the chewing gum with a Hershey's chocolate kiss. This was surprising because our saliva didn't disassociate the gum, but an ingredient in the chocolate did; the gum seemed to dissolve in the "sea of chocolate" in our mouths.

This lab ultimately tested the intermolecular forces in the gum. Intermolecular forces are the attractions or repulsive forces between neighboring atoms in a substance. In solvation, the dissassociation of the molecules requires more energy if the intermolecular forces are stronger. Stronger intermolecular forces occur when the substances aren't similar. For example, the sugar dissolved in the water because both substances were polar. This idea of "like dissolves like" is introduced as a connection between intermolecular forces and solubility.

http://newsletter.schoolbox.com/2011/01/16/delicious-sensory-writing-with-hersheys-kisses/

Friday 11/1/13

1. Here we are yet again writing about the last couple of weeks. I'd like to think of this week as the "calm before the storm" as we make our way to Mayfield Cruces week. However it was anything but calm. I have completed most of the worst chapter in calculus AB: the dreaded chapter 5. I've also completed poem analyses in AP English and also basically the gas unit in here. Not to mention all the planning for the parade tomorrow and my first submission of the Common Application!

2. You know what they say, "You learn something new everyday." I've learned that chocolate and gum don't mix well. I've also learned that my addiction to Starbucks isn't going away any time soon. Life changing facts I learn at school, I know. Besides all the gas stuff, of course.

3. I plan to conquer the mountain of homework you just assigned us today...(hence getting the easy stuff out of the way). I also plan to read some of the new book we were given in English, the load of Calc homework, study for the many tests to come, and prepare for next week (eek). Oh, and also eat some (LOTS) of this leftover Halloween candy :)

 
http://newsnewmexico.blogspot.com/2010_10_08_archive.html